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Archive for the ‘International Trade’ Category

Structured to go Broke

Monday, August 17th, 2009

The industry is just not structured to modify production in response to reduced demand. The industry is basically structured to go broke.  David Kruse, commodity trading adviser at CommStock Investments Inc.

The above quote came from a Bloomberg article describing the current state of the swine industry. For many years, I worked in agribusiness with direct ties to the swine industry. Starting in the 80s and 90s, the industry transitioned from small herds to the modern complexes, which dominate the industry today. These modern units were designed for efficiency with the goal of becoming world class production entities. And along the way the US pork industry changed, becoming heavily tied to exports, especially Asia. Then came H1N1, and the industry hasn’t recovered yet.

The point of this blog posting isn’t about the swine industry and the economic challenges it’s facing. This post is about industries that could be structured to go broke. On the surface this is an absurd concept, since all industries and companies are structured and designed for success. Right? If they weren’t structured for success, from a Darwinian perspective they shouldn’t exist. However, I’m pondering whether the very nature of some industries/companies, predispose them to be structured for failure. What do you think?

I came up with a few idustries that might lie on success/broke fault line.

  1. Biofuels Industry
  2. Mining Industry
  3. Automotive industry
  4. International Shipping Industry
  5. Airline Industry

As I look at this list, some common themes begin to surface. For instance;

  • High fixed cost structure
  • Capacity reduction difficult and costly to achieve
  • Commodity based pricing structure
  • Efficiency tied to volume

In good times, these industries typically perform admirably well, often times reporting record profits. However when the economic outlook turns, their fortunes also turn. Record profits become record losses. Everyone talks about excess capacity, yet capacity reduction is slow and painful. And the return to profitabilty is equally slow and painful.

Bottom Line: Most companies find their way into financial distress due to poor decisions, weak leadership and a changing economic landscape. However, can it be that some industries are destined to go broke? I’d appreciate you thoughts and ideas.

Tata Has A Boo Boo?

Friday, June 26th, 2009

A year ago, Tata Motors bought the Land Rover and Jaguar brands from Ford Motor Company for $2.4 billion. Today, Tata announced their first loss in seven years. The reason. Land Rover and Jaguar. Vikhas Seghal of Booz & Co into perspective (as reported by Bloomberg).

“Turning around Jaguar Land Rover is a Herculean task,” said Vikas Sehgal, a Chicago-based partner at Booz & Co., an industry consultant. “It’s challenging because a company focused on the mass market with basic technologies is trying to turn around a premium marquee brand with complicated technologies and low volumes.”

“The bridge from the Nano to Jaguar XF is probably the biggest that exists in the industry,” Sehgal said. “A $2,500 car and a $100,000 car: no other company in the world has a portfolio that wide.”

From the moment Tata bought Land Rover & Jaguar from Ford, a Silent Problem was underway. Even if the economic downturn hadn’t occurred, numerous challenges were on the horizon. Tata saw opportunity, when they should have taken a second and then a third look. Ford saw a way to shore up their balance sheet, and won.

With the introduction of the Nano, the world’s cheapest car just a month away, Tata Motors had the opportunity to become a dangerous competitor in the marketplace. Instead, they just wasted that opportunity. Their momentum has slowed and now they’re forced to play defence. This is a perilous position to be in.

Yes, Tata had a Boo Boo…

Bottom Line: Acquisitions are filled with potential problems, many of them of the silent variety. In this case silent problems related cultural fit, process & procedures and of “fit” are but a few. A year ago, Tata Motors was on the fast track, today they could easily be destined for the junkyard.

China’s Silent Problem

Thursday, June 11th, 2009

If I were a newspaper boy trying to hawk newspapers on a street corner in New York City, my mantra might be, “Extra. Extra. Read All About It. China’s Exports Off  26.4%.” Yes, that was the news yesterday. China’s exports off 26.4% in May, when compared to a year ago. Now many economists and other smart people will place this under the moniker, “It’s the economy stupid” umbrella. And this might be the case. However, I’m convinced that a bigger problem lies over the horizon, and this problem is “Quality.” This is China’s silent problem. A problem they are avoiding, since much of it lies in the Culturism silo.

Let’s go back a decade or so and why companies started their sourcing frenzy from China in the first place. This excerpt is from Paul Midler’s book, Poorly Made In China.

Concerns about business risk weighed heavily in the decision-making process. What importers needed to know before they moved their business to China was whether the economy was safe. One important contributing factor was a changing perception of China as a low-risk environment.

There were still economies in the world where an importer could wire-transfer funds and find that the recipient and the cash had both disappeared. Importers who came to China were reporting to others that this sort of thing did not happen. Factories delivered the goods, and outright fraud was more rare than in other corners of the world.

Compared with other economies, China came to be seen as a sanctuary. Latin America remained a place where kidnappings by professional criminals was common. In other countries, you could at least count on having your luggage stolen. Vietnam, which was just next door to China—and which had even lower labor costs—was one of those markets where such stories of petty theft were commonplace.

 The common perception on the street at the time was that “Made in China” was due to low manufacturing and labor costs. In reality, “Made in China” was a hybrid of sorts. Low manufacturing and labor costs. And, it was a low risk country from which to conduct business. This “low risk” perception enabled small to mid-size companies to suddenly enter the import - export marketplace with relative ease, and of course low risk.

Today, “Made is China” is still regarded as a place where low manufacturing and labor costs exist. It remains a low risk country from which to transact business and send business executives to. However, it is losing its low risk moniker when it comes to quality. And this is the Silent Problem that is beginning to face importers in the eye. And as the Chinese export market has waned, quality issues are increasing and becoming more visible. From my perspective, here’s why they’re becoming more prevalent. Chinese companies that are dependent on exports are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain financial stability as exports have waned. Therefore, they’ve been forced to cut corners where ever possible, leading to persistant quality problems for many importers. This may be viewed as short term thinking, yet is one where much of the Chinese culture lives.

And this is why China has a Silent Problem of immense proportion. And if it continues, it begins to change everything.

 

Silent Problem Inside China

Tuesday, May 26th, 2009

In my book Without Warning, I refer to ISMs as a place where manysilent problems reside. In this classification, ISMs related to gender, race, generation and culture exist.  The challenge for the ISM category relates to how difficult they can be to dislodge. In effect, they’re engrained inside the organization, the culture, the society. And since they’re engrained, they’re difficult to dislodge.

Recently I was reading “The Economist” and came across the book review “Poorly Made In China” by Paul Midler. It states:

Factories will do anything to please. Prices are famously low and production cycles short. His clients returned from their initial trips to China stunned by how quickly factories became proficient and puzzled by how much could be done so well, so fast, so cheaply. They were right to wonder.

Most of Mr Midler’s work is coping with what he calls “quality fade” as the Chinese factories transform what were, in fact, profitless contracts into lucrative relationships. The production cycle he sees is the opposite of the theoretical model of continuous improvement. After resolving teething problems and making products that match specifications, innovation inside the factory turns to cutting costs, often in ways that range from unsavoury to dangerous. Packaging is cheapened, chemical formulations altered, sanitary standards curtailed, and on and on, in a series of continual product debasements.

The first line of defence against compromised products are the factory’s clients, the importers. The moment they begin suspecting a Chinese manufacturing “partner” and want to discover what might be unfolding is the moment they become particularly eager to find people in China like Mr Midler. That suggests they want information. But, as Mr Midler discovers, they are finicky about what is found. When suspicions turn out to be reality, all too often they become unhappy—miserable about resolving something costly and disruptive, yet terrified about being complicit in peddling a dangerous product. This is particularly true if the problems could go undetected by customers. Better, to some extent, not to know.

It’s the last paragraph that spells out the Silent Problem phenomenon and the “why we avoid” stigma. A place where problems reside unsolved and often times, morphing into a new and higher form. When they’re unleashed, they’re commonly toxic. So if you’ve been following “Made in China” news in recent years, you’re likely not surprised that China has strong cultural underpinnings. After all, its a culture steeped in history dating back thousands of years. Yet I find it surprising that many companies look at the cost side of the ledger, while avoiding the risk side. To avoid a Without Warning event such as lead tainted paint in toys, companies must look at both sides of the equation. Risk & Reward. Unfortunately, many companies are just now beginning to understand the risks.

Although I have yet to read Poorly Made in China, this excerpt adds context to this important subject. And if the quality drift is cultural in scope, changing it will be difficult for companies to a achieve.

Economic Tectonic Plates

Monday, April 20th, 2009

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin’s trade measures are starting to keep Deere & Co. combines and Caterpillar Inc. trucks out of Russian wheat fields and coal mines, dimming the companies’ prospects for expansion abroad.   From Bloomberg, April 20, 2009

Several years ago, “the world is flat” phenomenon took hold. A place where every sector and segment of the world would become interrelated and interdependent. 1+1=3 Yet today if you look at the world, it doesn’t feel flat at all. If anything, it feels disjointed and straining at the seams. Trade barriers are being constructed. Tariffs implemented. Domestic policies are trumping international cooperation. It’s as if a huge tectonic plate has shifted, Without Warning.

In this era, China is becoming more vocal, and attempting to yield its new-found power. North Korea is attempting to be relevant. Europe is focused on being unified, yet individual economies are acting secular. And third world countries are fighting for their survival and relevance.

As a reader of this blog, I encourage you to look at the news with a critical eye. Personally, it feels as if the world vision of cooperation is waning. The role of POWER is reasserting itself and taking center stage. And its not pretty. It’s as if the tectonic plates of world economics is in the midst of a major shift. A place where emotions will run high, risks are elevated and the outcomes unpredictable.

The world of commerce and economics survives, thrives and reels from Without Warning events. In coming months, rhetoric will increase and the times we live in fascinating. World leaders have an opportunity to continue the path started during the Kennedy and Nixon administrations. The challenge however is intensified as the new world order is being challenged by the new world powers.

Dr. Doom & The Black Swan

Wednesday, March 18th, 2009

 

There are possibly two individuals that understand the Without Warning event that hit the financial district of Manhattan and the signs that were missed better than anyone else, Nouriel Roubini and Nassim Nicholas Taleb.  Today each of these men are rock stars and the amount of coverage and notoriety they’re receiving is immense, and people are starting to listen.  Of course, I believe almost anyone is eager to listen to someone other than a government official or someone that is receiving bailout money. 

What interests me about Roubini and Taleb is that they understand the toxic effects of Silent Problems that reside in organizations, governments and society.  I think you’ll find this CNBC interview intriguing.

You can see the film here - Dr Doom & The Black Swan

Supply Chains Exposed

Wednesday, March 11th, 2009

Recently I wrote about how supply chains were potentially a Silent Problem on the horizon for more and more businesses (Supply Chain Unrest).  Today, I read with interest a story from Bloomberg titled China’s Investment Surges 26.5% as Exports Plunge.  Near the end of the article it states, “Plunging exports and imports forced 20,000 small- and medium- sized companies in China’s Guangdong province to close since October, shedding 2 million jobs, the Nanfang Daily newspaper reported last month. Those feeling the squeeze include suppliers to companies such as Mattel Inc., the world’s biggest toymaker, and U.S. department- store chain J.C. Penney Co. U.S. consumer confidence has tumbled as a recession deepens in the world’s biggest economy.”

Supply chains can be robust and fragile at the same time.  In a growing worldwide economy, new factories are built, jobs are created and infrastructure to sustain it is built.  In a declining economy, factories are shuttered, employees are eliminated and infrastructure becomes hobbled. 

Creating a world-class supply chain can be challenging to build and costly to maintain.  The more complicated the end product, the difficulty to maintain it grows exponentially.  And visibility into the supply chain becomes inherently more difficult.  Today many supply chains are a Without Warning Event ready to happen.  Unfortunately, this may the next component that could push many businesses out of business.

On a positive note, every challenge can be another person’s opportunity.  Here I expect companies will be forced to reevaluate their supply chain risks.  And in the end, some will decide to move production back to their home base.  It may not be the lowest cost solution, however, increased costs will be overshadowed by reduced risk.  Welcome to the World of Business.

Supply Chain Unrest

Wednesday, January 28th, 2009

Industrial supply chains have grown in complexity and international in scope over the past decade. The reason behind this increased complexity is simple, to reduce costs. In my book without warning, one of the warning signs that a silent problem might be present is, “When there is a willingness to embrace complexity, while simultaneously sacrificing transparency. Symptom: The business becomes too convoluted and complex to understand. Nothing makes sense anymore.

Today, the world is on the verge of a massive contraction, one we haven’t felt or experienced in many decades. However in some respects, this one will likely be more profound, because it will break supply chains without warning. For instance, reports now surfacing out of China reveal that 1000s of factories are being shuttered, literally overnight and without warning. As these events unfold, once functional supply chains will break, adding to the financial stress already present in the world marketplace. Rebuilding these supply chains will be costly and time consuming.

Whether discussing textiles or technology, I anticipate that supply chain breaks will be the next big and costly without warning event to occur. And supply chains focused on low cost metrics may be the most vulnerable to disruption.

Now is the time to reevaluate your supply chains, with a renewed focus on simplicity, transparency and suppliers you can trust.

Be the one to see it coming!

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Without Warning - Rondey Johnson

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